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A cyst is a pathological bone cavity found on the jaw or in the surrounding soft tissue. It contains a fluid viscous material and its walls are covered by epithelium.
Most cysts are formed around the roots of carious teeth due to long-term inflammation or they are toothed and involve impacted teeth.
When cysts remain untreated, they gradually grow bigger and expand in the expense of neighbouring structures, causing problems. The most common problems include:
Cyst treatment is either conservative or surgical depending on the type of cyst, its size and position as well as the age of the patient and their general condition. Treatment aims to fully remove the cystic damage in order to avoid any form of relapse as well as to protect all neighbouring structures. In this way, the area is restored back to its initial shape and function.
Endodontic treatment of the responsible tooth is the selected method. Larger cysts require enuncleation (total removal of the cyst from the bone of the soft tissue through surgery) or drainage (opening of an orifice in the cyst sac so as to gradually reduce the size of the cyst). In some cases, the affected teeth need to be extracted while in others apiocectomy may have to be performed.
